Referencing

I have compiled a brief document with the definitions of different type's of referencing. This is something I always feel a little hazy on, I thought it would be a good idea to put together a helpful document that clearly states the difference between the styles and the information needed what using each. This has been a helpful tool for me and nice to refresh my understanding of each. 

sharing is caring......hopefully this can help others 

Harvard Referencing

What is referencing?

Referencing is a system used in the academic community to indicate where ideas, theories, quotes, facts and any other evidence and information used to undertake an assignment, can be found.

Why do I need to reference my work?

·         To avoid plagiarism, a form of academic theft.

·         Referencing your work correctly ensures that you give appropriate credit to the sources and authors that you have used to complete your assignment.

·         Referencing the sources that you have used for your assignment demonstrates that you have undertaken wide-ranging research in order to create your work.

·         Referencing your work enables the reader to consult for themselves the same materials that you used.

What do I need to reference?

All the information that you have used in your assignment will need to be acknowledged. It is essential to make a note of all the details of the sources that you use for your assignment as you go along. Harvard examples in this guide are based on guidance in:

The basics

Harvard is known as the Author & Date system:

1. Citations in the text of your assignment should be made following the in-text guidelines given in the examples on the following pages.

2. A complete list of all the citations used in your text will need to be provided at the end of your assignment. This is called your reference list or bibliography and needs to be presented in alphabetical author/originator order.

Capitals:

Harvard is not prescriptive about capitalisation of authors’ names in your reference list. If you do wish to use capitals, then the family/surname of authors are only capitalised in this reference list and not in the body of your work. If you prefer not to use capitals in this list, that is fine, but you must be consistent in the style you decide to use.

Italics & underlining:

Only the title of the source of information is italicised or underlined, but you should choose only one method throughout your assignment and stick to it! Do not use both italics and underlining.

Punctuation:

Harvard has no one true style of punctuation so the generally accepted rule is to be consistent with your style of punctuation throughout the whole of your assignment.

For books, record:

• The author’s or editor’s name (or names)
• The year the book was published
• The title of the book
• If it is an edition other than the first
• The city the book was published in
• The name of the publisher

For journal articles record:

• The author’s name or names
• The year in which the journal was published
• The title of the article
• The title of the journal
• The page number/s of the article in the journal
• As much other information as you can find about the journal, for example the volume and issue numbers

For electronic resources

• The date you accessed the source
• The electronic address or email
• The type of electronic resource (email, discussion forum, WWW page, etc)

Bibliography

What is a bibliography?

You may sometimes be asked to provide a bibliography at the end of a piece of work, in addition to a reference list. What is the difference?

·         A bibliography is a full reference list of all the sources which you have consulted in preparing a particular piece of work, but may not have cited (for quotations, paraphrasing etc.)

·         A reference list only includes the sources that you have cited, not your background reading

Appendix

What is an Appendix?

Appendices allow you to include detailed information in your paper that would be distracting in the main body of the paper. Examples of items you might have in an appendix include Images, videos, lists of words, the questionnaire used in the research, a detailed description of an apparatus used in the research, etc.

Your paper may have more than one appendix. Usually, each distinct item has its own appendix. If your paper only has one appendix, label it "Appendix" (without quotes.) If there is more than one appendix, label them "Appendix A," "Appendix B," etc. (without quotes) in the order that each item appears in the paper. In the main text, you should refer to the Appendices by their labels.